Strongest objection
What pushes against this view?
Governments routinely regulate intermediaries for fraud, consumer protection, competition, safety, sanctions, and other legitimate purposes; indirect effect on speech does not make regulation censorship.
Current response
Why QAEDA still holds it.
The test is not “intermediary involvement equals censorship.” It is whether the restriction has a clear harm nexus, lawful authority, narrow scope, transparent responsibility, recourse, and proportional alternatives.
Revision rule
What would change the argument?
Revise where legal doctrine or empirical evidence shows that the intermediary relationship does not materially obscure responsibility, broaden restriction, or weaken process.
Open question
What remains unresolved?
How should accountability be allocated when multiple public and private actors jointly shape a restriction?